Japanese encephalitis

What is it ?

Japanese encephalitis is a viral infection that develops rapidly. The virus is transmitted by a mosquito that is commonly found in rice paddy fields.
The virus affects the meninges, parts of the brain and the spinal cord. The symptoms appear abruptly, causing high fever and attacking the brain (acute encephalitis).

Disease transmission

This disease is carried by certain mosquito species, which transmit it through their bites.

Geographic risk zone

Western Pacific islands and Japan, Philippines, Asia, Korea, Indonesia and China.

Japanese encephalitis, countries or areas at risk, 2007

Data source: World Health Organization

Symptoms description

Headache
High fever
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Stiffness in the neck
Intense discomfort associated with exposure to light

Neurological symptoms:

Stupor and disorientation
Trembling and convulsions (in children)

Health impact

Japanese encephalitis is a potentially fatal disease. In the majority of cases, it causes permanent damage to the nervous system.

Risks

1 in 200 leads to complications
Up to 40 % of those infected will die of the disease
According to Health Canada, 45% to 70% of those who suffer the acute form of this disease will suffer permanent damage to their central nervous system.

Prevention

A complete vaccination series provides excellent protection against Japanese encephalitis. Three doses of the vaccine are required for optimum protection. Doses are administered over three weeks (days 0, 7 and 21).

The Public Health Agency of Canada strongly recommends that all travellers consult a travel health specialist before they go abroad. Your specialist will be able to advise you about various resources and options available so that you can protect yourself effectively.