Hepatitis B

What is it ?

Hepatitis B (formerly known as “serum hepatitis”) is a viral infection of the liver caused by the HBV virus. The length of this disease may vary from case to case.

Disease transmission

HBV is most frequently transmitted during unprotected sexual intercourse. It can also be contracted through contact with infected blood and may also be transmitted from mother to child at birth. Vaccination provides nearly 100% protection against infection.

Geographic risk zone

Hepatitis B, countries or areas at risk

Data source: World Health Organization

Symptoms description

Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice) and darkening of the urine
Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite and other discomforts

Health impact

Hepatitis B is a serious disease. The virus can remain chronically present in the liver, resulting in cirrhosis or liver cancer. Fortunately, in most cases, the patient makes a full recovery.

Risks

At least 30% of those seriously infected by the hepatitis B virus will show no symptoms of the disease.
The infection rate for HBV is roughly 100 times greater than for HIV (AIDS).
Scientific studies have shown that vaccination against hepatitis B provides nearly 100% protection.
90% of all adults who fall seriously ill will regain their health completely.

Prevention

Vaccination against hepatitis B remains the best way to protect yourself. Besides this important step, you can prevent this disease by simple, everyday protective measures. Make sure always to wear a condom during sexual relations. Avoid sharing objects that might be contaminated by blood, such as a toothbrush, razor, nail clipper, needle or objects used in smoking drugs. In case of exposure to HBV, various treatments can be administered. Ask your doctor or travel health specialist.

The Public Health Agency of Canada strongly recommends that all travellers consult a travel health specialist before they go abroad. Your specialist will be able to advise you about various resources and options available so that you can protect yourself effectively.